Possessive Markers
Lesson #14
Possessive Markers
Today we are only going to learn the possessive markers of the Proper Nouns. Next lesson we will learn the possessive markers of the common noun.
Singular Plural
Proper Noun: ni nila ni
Common Noun: sa sa mga
Example for Proper Nouns:
- Bebe’s family or the family of Bebe pamilya ni Bebe
- Kathy’s cat or the cat of Kathy iring ni Kathy
- Pedro’s wife or the wife of Pedro asawa ni Pedro
Toto and Tata’s toys: mga dulaan nila ni Toto ug Tata
Pedro and Maria’s farm: uma nila ni Pedro ug Maria
Bob and Lucky’s friends: mga higala nila ni Bob ug Lucky
Sentences without action word.
- Daku ang pamilya ni Bebe. Bebe’s family is big.
- Saba ang iring ni Kathy. The cat of Kathy is noisy.
- Buotan ang asawa ni Pedro. Pedro’s wife is nice.
Sentences with Action Word:
- Nagdala ko sa mga dulaan nila ni Toto ug Tata sa gawas.
I brought Toto and Tata’s toys outside. - Mag-adto ‘ta sa uma nila ni Pedro ug Maria.
We will go to Pedro and Maria’s farm. - Magbisita ang mga higala nila ni Bob ug Lucky sa simbahan.
Bob and Lucky’s friend will visit the Church.
Showing beneficiary of the action
Lesson 13
Showing Beneficiary of the Action or The Reciever of the Action or the location.
In showing the direction or the beneficiary of the action we need to have a marker.
Markers for the reciever or the direction of the action
Singular Plural
Proper Noun Kang kang ________ ug kang ________
Common Noun Sa sa mga
*The plural markers for the proper noun kang ______ug kang _________, the second kang is optional. You can say kang _____ug _______.
Para – it means for (para usually uses the marker kang when it’s proper noun and sa when it is a common noun)
Examples of para kang or kang:
- Moluto ang among katabang ug bulad para kang Simon.
Our helper will cook dried fish for Simon. - Palihog hulam ug kwarta para kang Toto ug Tata.
Please borrow money for Toto and Tata. - Mibasa ang akong lola ug libro para kang Alan
My grandmother is reading the book for Alan. - Moadto kita kang Jessica.
We (excl) will go to Jessica. - Palihog bisita kang Inday.
Please visit Inday.
Examples with para sa
- Moluto siya ug isda para sa mga bisita.
She will cook fish for the visitors. - Mibasa sila sa Biblia para sa mga estudyante.
They are reading the Bible for the students. - Palihog kanta para sa mga inahan.
Please sing for the mothers. - Mitrabaho ang amahan para sa iyang pamilya.
The father is working for his family. - Palihog palit ug bugas para sa imong silingan.
Please buy rice for your neighbor.
Lesson 12 – Locative Pronouns
Today where are going to learn what to use for direction and location.
Locative Pronouns
Long form short form English
Dinhi diri here
Dinha diha there (near the speaker)
Didto – there (far from the speaker)
Note: You can use the locative pronouns in the beginning of the sentence, middle or at the end.
Examples:
1. Mopalit ko ug mangga didto.
I will buy the mango there.
2. Palihog anhi diri.
Please come here!
3. Mihatag ang mga maestra ug mga libro diha.
The teachers gave the books there.
4. Palihog basa sa imong libro didto.
Please read your book there.
5. Lingkod diri.
Sit here.
New Words:
anhi – to come (here)
anha – to go there (near)
bisita – to visit
uyab – girlfriend or boyfriend
kusina – kitchen
manok – chicken
uma – farm
bugas – uncooked rice
Another usage of sa – is a marker to show direction.
sa – means in, to, at, from, for (but the word from is gikan and for is para. Sometimes they are understood through context so you can just mark it with sa).
Examples:
1. Mobisita si Peter sa iyang uyab.
Peter will visit to his girlfriend.
2. Mibisita ang among pamilya sa ilang uma.
Our (excl) family visited their farm.
3. Luto ug manok sa kusina.
Cook chicken in the kitchen.
4. Mikuha sila sa ilang bugas sa tindahan.
They got their rice (uncooked) at the store.
5. Motan-aw ta ug sine sa SM.
We (incl) will watch a movie in SM.
You can also combine the locative pronouns and the sa marker to give more emphasis and very common in Visayas and Mindanao
Examples:
1. Mopalit ko ug mga pantalon didto sa Gaisano.
I will buy pants there (far) in Gaisano.
2. Anha diha sa balay ni Pedro.
Go there(near) to Pedro’s house.
3. Motan-aw ug sine ang akong mga anak diri sa NCCC Mall.
My children will watch a movie here in NCCC Mall.
4. Mihulam sila ug mga tsinelas diha sa ilang silingan.
They borrowed the slippers there (near) at their neighbor.
5. Kaon diri sa kusina.
Eat here in the kitchen.
Putting Objects in the Sentence Structure
Lesson 11 – Putting Objects in the Sentence Structure
We are going to put an object/s in our sentence. In Bisaya or Cebuano, before you put the an object, you need to have a marker before it. It is like an article.
Ug/og - is the marker for not specific object. In the previous lessons we have ug it means and.
Sa - is a marker for specific object, especially when we are using our possessive pronouns.
Formula: Verb + doer + object + ………..
[table id=8 /]
[table id=9 /]
[table id=10 /]
Note: sa marker usually marks this possessive pronouns
[table id=11 /]
Note: About is bahin in Cebuano but in this sentence, it is understood. The marker sa will take care of it.
Sentence Structure with different doers
Sentence Structure with different doers
[table id=5 /]
Grammar Note: Only use si and sila si when you use it for name of a person
or pet. Aside from that use ang or ang mga.
We are going to use our previous verbs.
Formula: Verb + doer
[table id=6 /]
Note: In number 4 the second si is optional. Either you put it there or not it is okay.
[table id=7 /]
Sentence Structure of Mo-Actor Focus
Today, we are going to contruct a sentence. But in this lesson we are only going to put the verb and the doer or the actor. In the later lesson will add the object and the direction/Beneficiary.
Formula: Verb + Actor/Doer + ……………
Verbs with Personal Pronouns (Ako, ikaw,siya, kita, kami, kamo,sila)
[table id=3 /]
Command/Request/Imperative Sentence:
When we say command maybe it is strong word but in Bisaya/Cebuano as long as you put the palihog it means please infront or the the end of the sentence, it make the command sentence flow politely.
*When you request/command to only one person the you it means ka in Cebuano is understood..
*But when you request/command to two or more persons then you need to mention the kamo it means you (pl).
In the Command/Request/Imperative Form this is the formula:
Formula:
Verb + kamo + verb root
Simple request/command sentence.
[table id=4 /]
Next lesson we will add the other doer like name of a proper name of aperson and common noun.
Lesson # 8 – Action Words
Today’s lesson we are going to learn action words, Verbs. In learning Bisaya or Cebuano when you say verbs immediately we think an action word. As, I wrote the previous lesson that the verb to be (is, are,was,were, am and etc.) we don’t have a direct translation.
These are the few action words to learn:
[table id=1 /]
We are going to do the conjugation of these words, and we will call it Mo-Actor Focus. Actor focus because we will give importance to the doer or to the one doing the action.
In the conjugation, we have three tenses, these are Past/Present are in one group, you can determine it because of the time cue or within the context, next is future the action is not done yet, then the Command/Request Form or an imperative form. Maybe you will not use the Command Form because it seems direct or you are not going to command. But in Bisaya or Cebuano as long as you will put the word Palihog it means Please then it becomes polite.
[table id=2 /]
*The Past/Present are Mi + root or Ni + root, you can use it interchangeably. We have many Actor Focuses but this time only this first.
Next Lesson will be the Sentence Structure.
Editor’s Note: I am sorry that the Audio for the Podcast has a few problems this time, but should still be useful in practicing the words.
Criss-cross Sentences
Lesson 7
Today we are going to learn a simple sentence and its structure by using the Personal Pronouns.
Criss-cross Sentence by using Personal Pronouns
1. She is beautiful. Gwapa sya.
Explanation: The verb to be (is, are, was, were, am etc.) there is no direct translation. So in Criss-cross sentence just put the beautiful first then your subject she.
In criss-cross sentence no action word yet. First, put the Adjective then the topic or the subject of the sentence.
We will practice by using the personal pronouns.
2. You are nice. Buotan ka.
3. They are strong. Kusgan sila.
4. We (excl) are students. Mga estudyante ‘mi.
5. We (incl) are teachers. Mga maestro ‘ta.
6. You (pl) are lazy. Tapolan ‘mo.
7. I am a mother. Inahan ko.
8. He is handsome. Gwapo sya.
Hope it will help you construct a simple sentence.
Asking for objects
Lesson 6
Asking for Objects
Speaker: Unsa ni? What is this?
Co-speaker: Mangga na. That is a mango.
Speaker: Unsa kana? What is that?
(pointing to the near objects)
Co-speaker: Mga gulay kana. Those (near) are the vegetables.
Speaker: Unsa to? What is that (far)
(pointing the far objects?
Co-speaker: Mga kamatis to. Those (far)are tomatoes.
___________________
First Class General Pronouns
Long Form Short Form
Kini ni this, these
Kana na that, those (near from the speaker)
Kadto to that, those (far from the speaker)
Asking for Directions
Lesson 5
Asking Direction
Speaker: Pwede mangutana? May I ask a question?
Co-speaker: Oo. Unsa man? Yes. What (can I do for you)
Co-speaker: Asa ang parmasya diri? Where is the pharmacy here?
Speaker: (pointing with his finger) didto lang. Just there.
Co-speaker: salamat kaayo Thank you.
Question Words:
Unsa - What
Asa - Where
Another word for parmasya is Botika
Location words:
Long Form Short Form English Translation
Dinhi diri here
Dinha diha there (near)
Didto there (far)
Cultural Notes: Usually Filipino will give you direction by using their hands. Just follow where the hands is pointing and from there ask another person for the place that you are looking for. Don’t expect they give you a detailed answer. But sometimes there are people will give you a detailed one.
